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Check the age first — the first four digits of the serial number on most brands encode the manufacture year and week. If it's over 10 years old (tank) or 20 years old (tankless) and requiring repairs, replacement is almost always the smarter financial decision. Other indicators: rusty water from the hot tap, rumbling sounds from the tank, or visible corrosion at fittings.

A smelly drain is usually caused by buildup of organic matter in the drain line, or a dried-out P-trap that's allowing sewer gas into the home. Run water in infrequently-used drains to refill the trap. If the smell persists, a professional drain cleaning will remove the buildup at the source.

Low water pressure can result from a partially closed shutoff valve, a clogged aerator on the fixture, scale buildup in older galvanized pipes, or a pressure regulator that needs adjustment. If it's only at one fixture, the aerator is the first place to check. Whole-house low pressure often points to the regulator or supply line.

For most households, yes. Tankless water heaters deliver endless hot water on demand, use 20–30% less energy than tank systems, and last nearly twice as long (20 years vs. 10–12). The higher upfront cost is typically recovered in energy savings within 5–8 years. In a household with high hot water demand, the efficiency and convenience gains are substantial.

Keep the home above 55°F even when unoccupied. Open cabinet doors under sinks on exterior walls during cold snaps to allow warm air to reach the pipes. Let a thin stream of water run from the farthest fixture on cold nights. Know where your main shutoff is in case a pipe does burst. For vacation properties, consider a freeze alarm and automatic shutoff valve.